Tuesday, 27 October 2015
Sunday, 25 October 2015
my presentations sem 1
Peper : 2 The Neo Classical Literature
Robinson crusoe as a myth maker
To evaluate my presentation, click here
Robinson crusoe as a myth maker
To evaluate my presentation, click here
Robinson Crusoe from ashadodiya15
To evaluate my presentation, click here
perpe : 1 The Renaissance Literature
The Metaphysical poetry : Death be not proud
To evaluate my presentation, click here
To evaluate my presentation, click here
perpe : 1 The Renaissance Literature
The Metaphysical poetry : Death be not proud
To evaluate my presentation, click here
Death be not proud from ashadodiya15
To evaluate my presentation, click here
Perpe : 3 Literary Theory & Criticism
Wordsworth poet For ordinary Person .
To evaluate my presentation, click here
To evaluate my presentation, click here
Perpe : 3 Literary Theory & Criticism
Wordsworth poet For ordinary Person .
To evaluate my presentation, click here
wordsworth from ashadodiya15
To evaluate my presentation, click here
perpe 4 Indian Writing in English
The Fakeer of jungheera as love story
To evaluate my presentation, click here
To evaluate my presentation, click here
The Fakeer of jungheera as love story
To evaluate my presentation, click here
Friday, 23 October 2015
Hamlet as a revenge play
Name:
- Dodiya Asha .b
Roll
no: - 12
SEM:
- 1
Title:
- Hamlet as a revenge play
Paper
no: - 1(The renaissance literature)
Submitted:-Maharaja
Krishnakumarsingh university Bhavnagar.
Department
of English.
Hamlet
as a revenge play
Introduction:-
Shakespeare was a groundbreaking
pioneer in his time and wrote plays that were totally different from anything
the world had ever seen before. He explored the human spirit and what Big Willy
wrote Hamlet between 1599 and 1601, and the play tells the story of Prince
Hamlet. Hamlet, in particular, has a lot of "most famous" things in
it. It is Shakespeare's most line: "To be or not to be, that is the
question." If extraterrestrials were to visit Planet Earth, we would
probably put a copy of Hamlet in their welcome basket. It's that good. Now,
over Here I am going to consider “Hamlet” as a revenge tragedy. Before doing
so, I would like to discuss something about Elizabethan era in which the play
was written.
“Hamlet” as a revenge
play
:
During
the Elizabethan era the revenge plays were well acclaimed. Most of them were a
typical tragedy, a melodrama with so many twists and turns to keep the audience
spellbound. Shakespeare has also enriched the field of revenge plays with his
“Hamlet”. But Hamlet is certainly a great advance on The Spanish Tragedy.
Hamlet is definitely a great example of it as a revenge play quite perfectly. Hamlet
is definitely one of the greatest revenge stories ever written and it was all
influenced first by Sophocles, Euripides and other Greeks, and that were
required for the consummation of a great revenge tragedy.
Characteristics of a revenge play
and their application in “Hamlet”:
(1) Such play deals with the
theme of murder or some crime to the
person of the state.
In
this reference we can say that the central theme of the play “Hamlet” is
revenge to be taken. The play “Hamlet” is built upon the long, tragic conflict
between Hamlet and Claudius the play namely exposition, gradual development of
the plot, the suspense, climax and the catastrophe of the play is the revenge,
especially the revenge for the death of father. It is not the plot. In the play
“Hamlet” two of the characters’ fathers are brutishly murdered. The first
murdered character is King Hamlet who is supposed to be revenged by his son
prince Hamlet. Hamlet and Laertes go to seek revenge for the death of fathers,
however they will each use different methods to accomplish their deeds.
So far as the crime to the person
of the state is concerned, the king Claudius makes a secret plan to kill Hamlet
while Hamlet is in England.
(2)The ghost of the dead appears
to tell about the identity of the killer.
Generally
speaking the ghost is a part of the machinery of the revenge play, and as such
the ghost in Hamlet. The ghost is primarily connected with the motif of
revenge; and so there thing that nobody will question. The opening scene sets
the tune of the whole playa play shrouded in mystery and terror. The ghost does
indeed visible appear, but it is a shadowy figure, We can observe the subtle
skill of Shakespeare in that the ghost is not made to speak but strides away
majestically. It leaves a profound impression upon the night guards. Horatio
becomes to our state.” The ghost appears twice in the opening scene, but will
vouchsafe no reply to Horatio’s question. The speculation that the ghost
invokes Horatio has some bearing upon communicated to Hamlet.
In
“Hamlet” the Prince of Denmark is urged in very strong terms by the ghost of
the dead king to take revenge upon Claudius who has ascended to the throne by
foul means, whose guilt The real tension of the play begins as soon as the
ghost of the late tells Hamlet about his murder. Hamlet learns that his
father's death was no mistake, but it was Hamlet's uncle's take revenge upon
Claudius. So, like a typical revenge tragedy, in Hamlet a crime is committed and for various reasons laws and
justice cannot punish the crime "And so I am revenged. That would be
scanned: A villain kills my father, and for that, I, his sole son, d this same
villain send to heaven;"
In
this quote, Hamlet states that since he is his father's only son, it is up to
him to avenge his murder. This development for Hamlet comes after his encounter
with his father.
Plot overview=Major
conflict:-
Hamlet feels a responsibility to
avenge his father’s murder by his uncle Claudius but Claudius is now in hamlet
would be morally justified in taking revenge on his uncle
In Hamlet the revenge is of son
for the murder of father. Revenge the desire to retaliate for an injury is a
powerful natural and dangerous human
emotion.
-
Claudius
convinces him that hamlet is to blame for his father’s and sister’s deaths when
Horatio and the king receive letters from hamlet indicating that the prince has
returned to demark after pirater attacked his ship en route to England audios
concocts a plan to use Laertes drier for revenge to secure hamlet’s death
-
Revenge never
sleeps as Thomas kyd dramatically demonstrate in his work.
= Seneca and Thomas kyd
revenge tragedy
The Spanish tragedy and
titus and romicaus are the early
and successful examples of the dramatic use of revenge.Chief feature of
revenge play. There is much bloodshed and physical horrors.
Delay in revenge :-
Most interpreters
of hamlet s tart with the assumption that the tragic her has a clear and
sacred obligation to kill Claudius and to do so without delay .the Basic
question than is why does so much time elapse.
Hamlet had acted prompty instead
of verbalism in which he repeatedly form preastination gestured
Polonius,Reasons for his delay. Hamlet the victim of external difficultier.
Hamlet the senitimenta dreamer:-
-Leading romantic critics of the late eighteenth and eary nineteenth
centuries and gifted in many ways but incapable of positive action.
- Goethe hamlet is a young man of lovely pure and moral nature without
the strength of nerve which forms a hero .
- A.W.Schleget – “no firm belief either in himself or in anything else…
in the resolution which he so often embracer and always leaves unexecuted his
weakness in too apparent.
- chloride hamlet suffers from an “over balance of the contemplative
faculty” and like any man thereby. William Hazlitt in the 20th century Arthur quiller
church “hamlet character is the prevalence of the abstracting and generalizing
habit overs the practical.
- Hamlet the victim of the Oedipus
complex Freadin interpretations. Dr. Ernest Jones :- disciple and biographer of
signmund freud concisely stated in hamlet and Oedipus it that prince of demark
suffered from in Oedipus complex. Mr.Haery Levin:- this ingenious theory
“motivates hamlet’s delay by identitying him with Claudius through whom he has
vicariously accomplished the oedipal feat of murdering.
A summary of the play :
The main lines of
the plot of hamlet are clear hamlet prince of Denmark and heir presumptive to
the danish throne is grief stricken and plunged into melancholy by the recent
death of his father and the “o’erhasty” remarriage of his mother to her late
husband ‘s
Hamlet
is tasked with avenging his father’s horrible and unnatural murder. However, he
faces a dilemma: should he believe in the honesty of the ghost? The ghost might
be a devil. By nature a thinker and truth-seeker, his first step is to evaluate
the truth of the ghost’s command, but this self-examination causes delay.
Moreover, his extreme depression at his mother’s detestable remarriage, and the
fact that Claudius was elected king, has served to make him sarcastic and
disbelieving.
A chain of circumstances provides a series of
obstacles that Hamlet first has to overcome in order to achieve his revenge.
This however, affects Hamlet on a spiritual level, as he accepts that both good
and evil exist in the world, and that there is a fitness in performing his duty
of revenge. His nobility and balance is at constant war with each other from
the beginning to the end of the play. The ethical concerns Hamlet has for
Claudius and Gertrude are plain to see, at the time, the church considered marriage
to a sister in law tantamount to incest. Hamlet’s ethical concerns surrounding
his mother’s sudden remarriage is overtly expressed when Gertrude asks Hamlet
at her wedding,
"If
it be, why seems it so particular with thee?" Hamlet disputes Gertrude’s
charge that he is being hypocritical, "Seems, madam? Nay, it is, I know
not ‘seems’…"
For him, she is the one who has
shown hypocrisy and he does not agree with her ‘seems’ Whereas, Hamlet’s social concerns for Denmark
is purely centered around the king and the influence he might have on the rest
of the kingdom. Hamlet makes use of an ambiguous pun that depicts his dislike
towards Claudius’s insincerity and Claudius’s attempt to polish over what has
happened. Hamlet displays clear hostility, "A little more than kin, and less
than kind", Hamlet is more than close
in relationship to Claudius an uncle and a ‘father’, but He resents him and has
no feelings of liking and kinship for Claudius.
Topic: Terms of Criticism
Name: Dodiya Asha B
Semester: 1
Roll no.:12
Std: MA Part 1
Paper no: 3 Literary theory and Criticism
Topic: Terms of Criticism
Email.id : ashadodiya15@gmail.com
Submitted to:
Department of English
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar
University.
Introduction :-
A Glossary of literary term :-
M.H.Abraham frist
publish in 1957, A Glossary of literary Term cantain succinet essays on the
terms used in disccusing literature, litarary history and literary crticism
First published fifty years ago a
glossary of literary tems remains an essential text for all.
M.H Abraams Born :- Meyes howerd Abrams july 23 1912.
Died :- April 21 2015
Nationaality :-American
Other names :- Mike Abraams.
M.H Abrams was an American liteary
critic known For works on romanticism in purticular his book the mirror and the lamp under Abrams
editorship the north Antholoy of English Literartuse.
Classification of
literary therories :-
Ø Litereary therories ,abrams
argues can be divided into four main
groups.
1. Mimetic Therories.
2. Pragmativc therories.
3. Expressive therories.
4. Objective therories.
Ø Literary theory and criticism
: some critics consider literary
criticism a parctical application of literary theory because criticism always
deals directly with purticalur literary works while theory may be more general
or abstract.
ð Literary criticim :-
Literary
criticim is the study evaluation and interpretation of literatare modern literary criticism is often by
literary theory which is the philosophical discussion of literature’s methods
and goals.
ð Criticism:-
Criticism or more
specifically literary criticism is the
overall term fom studies conerned with defining classifying analyzing
interpeting and evaluating works of literature.
=> Theortical
Criticism
Theortical
Criticism proposes an explicit the ory of litera in the sense of generl principles with a setof terms distinction and
categories to be applied to identifying and analyzing works of literature as well as the criteria by which these and their
writers are to be eavluated.
There are listd
and dated in the entry theoies of literature, current each theory in that list
is also given a separate entry in this glossary for a discussion of the special
uses of the term “theory” in these
current critical move ments see poststructuralism.
ð Practical Criticism or
applied criticism :-
Practical criticism or applied criticism concerns itself with the discussion
of pariticul works and writers in an
applid critique the theoretical principles controlling the mode of the analysis
interpretion and eimvaluation are often
left implicit or brought in only as the occasion demands.
Practical criticism is sometimes distinguished into impressionionistic
and judicial criticism.
ð Impressionistic criticism :-
Impressionistic criticism attempts to represent in words
the felt qualities of a particular passage or work and to express the responses
that the work directly evokes from the critic.And walter pater said that in criticism
“the first
step toward seeing one’s object as it really is know one ‘s impression as it really is to discriminate it to realise
it distinctly “
And posed as the basic question “what is this song or picture
…to me “ at its extreme this mode of criticism becomes in anatole france’s
phrase
“ The adventures of a sensitive soul among
masterpieces.”
ð Judicial criticism :-
Judicial
criticism on the other hand attempts not
merely to communicate but to anaylye and explain the effects of a work by
reference to its subject organganiztion techniques and style and to base the critic’s individual judments
on specified criteria of literary excellence. Rarely are these two modes of
criticism sharply distinct in practice but good examples of primarily imperssionistic of the odyssey in his treatise on the sublime
hazlitt walter paterand and some of the twentieth cenntury crtical essys of E
.m forste and virginia woolf.
Types of
traditional critical theories and of applied criticism can be use full
distinguished according to whether in explaining and judging
a work of literature they the work primarilly to the outer world or to
the reader or to the author or else treat the work as as an entity in itself.
ð Mimetic criticism:-
mimetic criticism
views the literary work as an imitation or reflection or represention of the
world and human life and the primary crierion applied to a work is the “truth”
of its repersentatiion to the subiect matter that it represents or should represent this mode of criticism
which first appeared in plato and in aristole remains characteristic of modern
theories of literary realism .
ð Pragmatic criticism :-
Pragmatic
criticism views the work as something which is constructed in order to achieve
certain effects on the audience and it tends to judge the value of the work
according to its succcess in achieving that aim. This approach which largely
dominated literary discussion fom the this verisfied art of poetry by the roman
horace through the eighteenth century has been revived in recent rhetorical
criiticism which emphasizes the artistic strategies by which an author engages
and influences the responses of readers to the also been adopted by some
strucraalists who analyze a literary text as a syst ematic play of codes which
effec the interpretaatve responses of the reader.
ð Expresssive criticism :-
Expressive criticism treats a litary work
primariily in relaton to its author it definer poetry as exprssion or overflow or
utterance of feelings or as the product of the poet’s imagination operating on
his or her thoughtpaychoanalytic s and to the poet individual visiob
or state of mind and it often seeks in the work evidences of the particujar feeligs
it tends to judge the workby its sinceriity or its adequacy temperament and
experience of the the author who consciously or un conscied mainly by romantic
critics in the I the eary nineteenth century and remain current in our own time
especiially in the writing of psy chological and criticis and in criticis of
consciousness such as george poulet and
the geneva school.
ð Objection criticissm :-
Objective criticics deals with awork a of lieratur is somethingwhich
stands free from whou is often called “extrinsic “ relations to the poet or to
the audience or to the environing world instead to the scribes the as a world
in ob ject or else as a world itself whichis to be contemplated as its own end
to be analyzed and judged sleey by “intrinsic” critieria such as its
commplexity coherence equilibaium integrity and the in terrelation of its
component elements.
The
general viewpoint of the self sufficiency of an aesthetic objec was proposed in
kant’s kant’s critique of aesthetic judgment see distance and involvermet was
taken of up by proponets of art for sake in the latter of the nineteenth century
and has been elaboratd in detailed modes
of 1920s inciuding the new critics the chicago school ad proponents of euperan
for maalism.
An essntl enterprise
that the ordinary reader taken for granted is the to es tablish the text
a literary work to be put in print see the enty textual criticism it is also a reeas of know frquet varie ares
of knowledge the partiary charca tristics and values of a literary work in the be any this is” accrdingly criaticism” and archetypal or myth cricticsm
, which undertes to explain the formation of types of literature by refernce to
the view and ritual in modern about myth
culturl anthropology.
On criticism in the earlier
nineteenth cetury see abrams the mirror and the lamp and on twetieth century
criticism S.E .Hyman the armed vision murray krieger the new applogists for
poetry Jonathan culler stucturalist poetics and liter theory A very Short
Introuction Grant webster the republlc of letters a History of postwar american liteary opinion
and liteary theory 1890 to the present.
For a detaalied discussion of
the cassification of traditional theories that is represened in this eaay see M
H Abrams The mirror and the Lamp
chapter 1 and types and Orientations
0f criticism theories in doing thiggs with texts Essays in criticism and
critical theory on types of liter histories o criticism and the mayn about him
this in be way Theroy on types of criical approach refer aslo to rene wellek
and ed austin warren theory of literature historier of criticism chassical
criticim geoge a kennedy bernard weinberg a history of criticism in the italian
renais sance rene wellk a history of literary of the modern critiscism .
Convenient anthologies of literary criticism : A H Gillbert and
G. W . Allen Literary Criticism
plato to croce W. j . Bate Criticism the major texts lionel
trilling literary Criticism An introductory Reader Anthologies of recent
trillign literary criticism and current
criticism . hazard Adam and Leroy
searle,eds, critical theory since 1965 (1986) ; vassilis Lambropoulos and david
neal miller eds 20th century literary theory: (1988); Robert con
Davis and ronald schleifer contemporary literary criticism. Suggested readings
in current types of critiacal theory are included in the entry of this glossary
for each type.
Saturday, 17 October 2015
A journey of Gulliver Travels.
Name: Dodiya Asha
Semester:1
Roll no: 12
Work: Assignment
Topic: - A journey of Gulliver Travels.
Email. id: ashadodiya15@gmail.com
Submitted bY: Smt. S. B. Gardi,
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.
Department of English.
Before
we see more about Gulliver’s Travels, Let’s see first of all about journey and
satire.
What is an
journey?
An
journey is a literary genre which is structured in such a way that its meaning
could be read on two levels, and a secondary and more complex level. An
allegory is defined as a narrative in which the characters, plot, setting and
occasion, while making sense in themselves also signify a second layer of
meaning where they point at another set of people, events and setting either
from the writer’s mass, milieu or recent historical events. It is a figurative
mode of representation where ideas are conveyed through symbolism and metaphor.
In
“Gulliver’s Travels”, Swift uses satire on highlight the allegorical elements
in his tale. He has used allegory as a vehicle in an excellent way.
:- What is a
satire?
Satire
is a literary genre in which human vices, weaknesses, foibles and follies are
held up to ridicule. Wit and humor are commonly used as instrument of satire.
In
“Gulliver’s Travels”, Swift uses satire as a vehicle to point out to the
depraved state of human kind. Some critics have observed that Swift is a
misanthropist because the paints human nature as a whole in a sordid and gloom
light, almost as if there are no redeeming features to humanity.
Swift seems to
be holding up a mirror to society so that in viewing the gross magnification of
its vices, humanity has a hope for the future.
The
journey and satire, in a sense, are
interwoven inextricably and deftly.
:- Part- 1 : - A
Voyage to Lilliput
This deals with Gulliver’s experiences in
the land of the little people, who are no more than six-inches tall. It is on
one level an absorbing tale of the adventures of the giant Gulliver among the
midgets of Lilliput and on another level rich in England. It is above all a
scathing satire on the moral pettiness of human as seem in the behaviour of the
Lilliputians. Human beings are filled with and importance and cannot view
themselves and objectivity. Their pride and boastfulness are revealed as ridiculous
when perceived from Gulliver’s great height.
As we saw
that the people of Lilliput are more than six-inches tall. All their acts and
motives are on the same dwarfish, petty quarrels of these dwarfs, we are
supposed to see the littleness and humanity. The statesmen who obtain place and
favour by cutting monkey capers the tight rope before their sovereign and the
two great parties, the little-endians and big-endians, who plugs the country
into civil-war over the momentous question of whether an egg should be broken
on its big or on politics of Swift’s own days and generations.
In
society, also, we see that type of people who shows littleness in their nature
and also shows the narrow mind. All their actions and aims in life are at low
level. They never try to come out from it. Their narrow and they live their
life.
They are
always busy in petty things because they can’t think they can’t think to go
ahead in life. This shows in trivial matters.
:- Part – 2 : - A
Voyage to Brobdingnag
In this
voyage, the situation is reversed. Gulliver is now marooned and dwarfed in the
land of giants who are over forty feet tall. He now becomes the midget he had
laughed at in Lilliput, observed through the microscopic eyes of Gulliver, the
Brobdingnagians are hideous in size and stature and Gulliver realizes that he
must have been just as hideous to the little people in Lilliput. Here, Swift
satirizes the physical grossness of the human and the grotesque ugliness of the
human body. Gulliver is little more than an insect in Brobdingnag and at his
best, an amusing toy.
When
Gulliver tells about his own people, their ambitions and comes and conquests,
the giants can only wonder that such great venom could exist in such little
insects. Here, in the second part, Gulliver is alone among the giants. He is
showed as insects among the Brobdingnagians because they think this way.
Here,
Swift satires on the Brobdignagian’s unpleasant and unattractively large body.
In a way, there are lots of people in society who are huge at status but their
thinking shows their narrowness.
Also he
satires on the ugliness of the Brobdignagians. It shows that the thinking of
that time of people who has very ugly motif in their life to fulfil their
wishes.
We can
see this, Brobdignagians, type of people around us and also both we can see the
physical grossness and ugliness in people. By this, we can know their aims of life.
They just boast on their endeavor, conquest.
This
type of people believes that others are nothing before them. They show others
inferior but in reality, their unattractivity and ugliness becomes them
inferior.
:- Part – 3 :
- A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi,
Language, Glubdubdrib, and Japan
In this voyage, Swift satires on the Scientist and Philosophers of the
age. The people of Laputa have extraordinary physical features- head turned at
angle, one eye turned upward and the other inward. Through the people of
Laputa, Swift ridicules the experiments of the royal society and allied
institution of the time.
The frightening emptiness and sterility of a purely scientific society
is evident from this book. The philosophers who worked eight years to extract
sunshine from cucumbers are typical of Swift’s satire treatment of all
scientific problems. It is in this voyage hear of the struldbrugs, a ghastly
race of the men who are doomed to live up on the earth after losing hope and
the desire for life.
The picture is all the more terrible in view of the last years of
Swift’s own life in which he was compelled to live on a burden to himself and
his friends.
In this third good, Gulliver’s
journeys go through different people, culture, custom and rules. The strange
thing of the people of Laputa regarding the physical structure of the body
shows types of people at that time. Also Swift’s disliked the society of his
time that’s why he satires on it.
Here, cucumber
is the typical of Swift’s satiric treatment of all scientific problems. This
shows the ridiculous thing of scientific problems show that time of things.
There are different types of people who show different types of culture
of swift’s time.
:- Part 4 :- A
voyage to the country of the Houyhnhnms:-
In
this voyage, Gulliver narrates his experiences of his journey to the land of
the Houyhnhnms and the yahoos. The horses are creatures governed by solely by
reason, free from any emotions and passions, while the yahoos who physically
resemble human beings are ruled purely by animal’s instincts.
Swift seems to indicate to us that the nature of the human is complex
and defies definition unlike that of the yahoos and the Houyhnhnms. The book
for all its harsh satire and anger, instructs human to see themselves with
humility and honesty and it condemns pride ego and myopic self-esteem. It urges
every person to use reason to be a good Christian. Swift here tries to say that
we have to live our life in away in which we can show the humanity.
Swift emphasized on the yahoos that despite of human being, they are
unspeakable persons who show the brutality of that time. Also by the female
yahoos Swift shows the lust in their nature this also a picture of his time.
We
have to live like a good Christian and try to avoid that all things which
damages humanity.
:- Conclusion :-
By these four voyages, Gulliver’s journey goes through different types
of people, culture, customs, beliefs etc. they show the society of swift’s
time. Like, how they cure narrow minded also interested in petty things and
unattractive appearances and ugliness of humanity etc.
To evaluate my assignment, click here
To evaluate my assignment, click here
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)