Name: Dodiya Asha B
Semester: 1
Roll no.:12
Std: MA Part 1
Paper no: 3 Literary theory and Criticism
Topic: Terms of Criticism
Email.id : ashadodiya15@gmail.com
Submitted to:
Department of English
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar
University.
Introduction :-
A Glossary of literary term :-
M.H.Abraham frist
publish in 1957, A Glossary of literary Term cantain succinet essays on the
terms used in disccusing literature, litarary history and literary crticism
First published fifty years ago a
glossary of literary tems remains an essential text for all.
M.H Abraams Born :- Meyes howerd Abrams july 23 1912.
Died :- April 21 2015
Nationaality :-American
Other names :- Mike Abraams.
M.H Abrams was an American liteary
critic known For works on romanticism in purticular his book the mirror and the lamp under Abrams
editorship the north Antholoy of English Literartuse.
Classification of
literary therories :-
Ø Litereary therories ,abrams
argues can be divided into four main
groups.
1. Mimetic Therories.
2. Pragmativc therories.
3. Expressive therories.
4. Objective therories.
Ø Literary theory and criticism
: some critics consider literary
criticism a parctical application of literary theory because criticism always
deals directly with purticalur literary works while theory may be more general
or abstract.
ð Literary criticim :-
Literary
criticim is the study evaluation and interpretation of literatare modern literary criticism is often by
literary theory which is the philosophical discussion of literature’s methods
and goals.
ð Criticism:-
Criticism or more
specifically literary criticism is the
overall term fom studies conerned with defining classifying analyzing
interpeting and evaluating works of literature.
=> Theortical
Criticism
Theortical
Criticism proposes an explicit the ory of litera in the sense of generl principles with a setof terms distinction and
categories to be applied to identifying and analyzing works of literature as well as the criteria by which these and their
writers are to be eavluated.
There are listd
and dated in the entry theoies of literature, current each theory in that list
is also given a separate entry in this glossary for a discussion of the special
uses of the term “theory” in these
current critical move ments see poststructuralism.
ð Practical Criticism or
applied criticism :-
Practical criticism or applied criticism concerns itself with the discussion
of pariticul works and writers in an
applid critique the theoretical principles controlling the mode of the analysis
interpretion and eimvaluation are often
left implicit or brought in only as the occasion demands.
Practical criticism is sometimes distinguished into impressionionistic
and judicial criticism.
ð Impressionistic criticism :-
Impressionistic criticism attempts to represent in words
the felt qualities of a particular passage or work and to express the responses
that the work directly evokes from the critic.And walter pater said that in criticism
“the first
step toward seeing one’s object as it really is know one ‘s impression as it really is to discriminate it to realise
it distinctly “
And posed as the basic question “what is this song or picture
…to me “ at its extreme this mode of criticism becomes in anatole france’s
phrase
“ The adventures of a sensitive soul among
masterpieces.”
ð Judicial criticism :-
Judicial
criticism on the other hand attempts not
merely to communicate but to anaylye and explain the effects of a work by
reference to its subject organganiztion techniques and style and to base the critic’s individual judments
on specified criteria of literary excellence. Rarely are these two modes of
criticism sharply distinct in practice but good examples of primarily imperssionistic of the odyssey in his treatise on the sublime
hazlitt walter paterand and some of the twentieth cenntury crtical essys of E
.m forste and virginia woolf.
Types of
traditional critical theories and of applied criticism can be use full
distinguished according to whether in explaining and judging
a work of literature they the work primarilly to the outer world or to
the reader or to the author or else treat the work as as an entity in itself.
ð Mimetic criticism:-
mimetic criticism
views the literary work as an imitation or reflection or represention of the
world and human life and the primary crierion applied to a work is the “truth”
of its repersentatiion to the subiect matter that it represents or should represent this mode of criticism
which first appeared in plato and in aristole remains characteristic of modern
theories of literary realism .
ð Pragmatic criticism :-
Pragmatic
criticism views the work as something which is constructed in order to achieve
certain effects on the audience and it tends to judge the value of the work
according to its succcess in achieving that aim. This approach which largely
dominated literary discussion fom the this verisfied art of poetry by the roman
horace through the eighteenth century has been revived in recent rhetorical
criiticism which emphasizes the artistic strategies by which an author engages
and influences the responses of readers to the also been adopted by some
strucraalists who analyze a literary text as a syst ematic play of codes which
effec the interpretaatve responses of the reader.
ð Expresssive criticism :-
Expressive criticism treats a litary work
primariily in relaton to its author it definer poetry as exprssion or overflow or
utterance of feelings or as the product of the poet’s imagination operating on
his or her thoughtpaychoanalytic s and to the poet individual visiob
or state of mind and it often seeks in the work evidences of the particujar feeligs
it tends to judge the workby its sinceriity or its adequacy temperament and
experience of the the author who consciously or un conscied mainly by romantic
critics in the I the eary nineteenth century and remain current in our own time
especiially in the writing of psy chological and criticis and in criticis of
consciousness such as george poulet and
the geneva school.
ð Objection criticissm :-
Objective criticics deals with awork a of lieratur is somethingwhich
stands free from whou is often called “extrinsic “ relations to the poet or to
the audience or to the environing world instead to the scribes the as a world
in ob ject or else as a world itself whichis to be contemplated as its own end
to be analyzed and judged sleey by “intrinsic” critieria such as its
commplexity coherence equilibaium integrity and the in terrelation of its
component elements.
The
general viewpoint of the self sufficiency of an aesthetic objec was proposed in
kant’s kant’s critique of aesthetic judgment see distance and involvermet was
taken of up by proponets of art for sake in the latter of the nineteenth century
and has been elaboratd in detailed modes
of 1920s inciuding the new critics the chicago school ad proponents of euperan
for maalism.
An essntl enterprise
that the ordinary reader taken for granted is the to es tablish the text
a literary work to be put in print see the enty textual criticism it is also a reeas of know frquet varie ares
of knowledge the partiary charca tristics and values of a literary work in the be any this is” accrdingly criaticism” and archetypal or myth cricticsm
, which undertes to explain the formation of types of literature by refernce to
the view and ritual in modern about myth
culturl anthropology.
On criticism in the earlier
nineteenth cetury see abrams the mirror and the lamp and on twetieth century
criticism S.E .Hyman the armed vision murray krieger the new applogists for
poetry Jonathan culler stucturalist poetics and liter theory A very Short
Introuction Grant webster the republlc of letters a History of postwar american liteary opinion
and liteary theory 1890 to the present.
For a detaalied discussion of
the cassification of traditional theories that is represened in this eaay see M
H Abrams The mirror and the Lamp
chapter 1 and types and Orientations
0f criticism theories in doing thiggs with texts Essays in criticism and
critical theory on types of liter histories o criticism and the mayn about him
this in be way Theroy on types of criical approach refer aslo to rene wellek
and ed austin warren theory of literature historier of criticism chassical
criticim geoge a kennedy bernard weinberg a history of criticism in the italian
renais sance rene wellk a history of literary of the modern critiscism .
Convenient anthologies of literary criticism : A H Gillbert and
G. W . Allen Literary Criticism
plato to croce W. j . Bate Criticism the major texts lionel
trilling literary Criticism An introductory Reader Anthologies of recent
trillign literary criticism and current
criticism . hazard Adam and Leroy
searle,eds, critical theory since 1965 (1986) ; vassilis Lambropoulos and david
neal miller eds 20th century literary theory: (1988); Robert con
Davis and ronald schleifer contemporary literary criticism. Suggested readings
in current types of critiacal theory are included in the entry of this glossary
for each type.
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