S. B. Gardi
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
M.K.BHAVNAGAR
University
Written by:- Dodiya Asha B
Course No:-05
Course Name:-
Enrollment no :-
Topic:Nightingale, Psyche and Autumn Annayalis
Ode on a Grecian Urn:
“Ode on a Grecian
urn” is a poem written by the English romantic poet John Keats in May
1819 and published anonymously in January 1820, number 15 Issus of the magazine
Annals of the fine arts. The poem is one of several “Great odes of 1819” which
include “ode to a Indolence”, “ode to a Melancholy”,“
Ode to Psyche”, “Ode to a Nightingale” Keats found earlier forms of
poetry unsatisfactory for his purpose, and the collection represented a new
development of the ode form.
Ode to a Nightingale
Ode to a Psyche
Ode to a Autumn
Ode
to a Nightingale is a poem by John Keats written in May 1819 in their the
garden of the Spaniards Inn, hump stead, London, or according to kea’s friend
Charles Arbitrage Brown, under a plum tree in the garden of kea’s house, also
in Hampstead. “Ode to a Nightingale” is a personal poem that describes kea’s
journey in to the state of negative capability.
Ode
to a Nightingale:
“Ode to a Nightingale”
is the longest of the 1819 odes with 8 stanza containing 10 lines each. The
poem begins by describing the state of the poet, using negative statements to
intensify the description of the poet’s physical state such as “numb less
pains” and not through envy of thy happy lot.
While the ode is written “to a Nightingale” the emphasis of the first line is
placed upon the narrator rather than the bird, and Helen vender suggests that
the negation of the reader as a party in the discourse happens just as the song
of the nightingale becomes the “Voice of Pure self expression”.
In the third stanza, the poet
asks the nightingale to “Fade Far away”, casting it off just as the narrator in
“Ode to Indolence” rejects the love, ambition, and poesy and the poet in “Ode
on a Grecian Urn” banishes the figures on the urn to silence.
In the fourth stanza, the poet sates that he will fly to the nightingale rather than it to him,
moving upon the “wings of poesy”, which leaves Walter Jackson bate to believe
that while the poet intends to identify with the bird by describing the real
identification in the narrative exists between the poet and his perceptions of
the nightingale’s song. In its closing, the poem questions whether the bird’s
song has been real or part of a dream.
“Was
it a vision, or a waking dream?
Fled that music:-do I wake or sleep?”
And
the theme of imagination once again arises as the poet appears, according to
timothy Hilton, unable to distinguish between his own artistic imagination and
the song which he believes to have it in to action.
The nightingale described within the poem
experiences a type of death but does not actually die. Instead the songbird is
capable of living through its song which is a fate that humans cannot expect.
The contrast between the immortal nightingale and mortal man, sitting in his
garden, is made all the more acute by an effort, of the imagination.
The presence of weather is
noticeable in the poem, as spring came early in 1819, bringing nightingales all
over the heath.
Many critics favor “ode to a Nightingale” for
its themes but some believe that it is structurally flawed because the poem
sometimes strays from its main idea. the exact date of “Ode to a Nightingale”
as well as “Ode on Melancholy” and “Ode on a Grecian Urn”, is unknown, as kea’s
dated all as May 1819. However, he worked on the four poems together and there
is a unity in both their stanza forms and their themes.
The extorter the poems were written in also unknown, but they from a sequence
within their structures. While keat’s was writing “Ode on a Grecian Urn” and
other poems, Brown transcribed copies of the poems and submitted then to
Richard Woodhouse. During this time,
Benjamin Haydon, keat’s friend, was given a copy of “Ode to a Nightingale”, and
he shared the poem with the editor of the annals of the fine arts, James Elmes.
Elmes paid keat’s a small sum of money, and the poem published in the July
issue.
Ode
to Psyche:-
Amor and psyche, sculpted in marble during
the late 18th century. “Ode to psyche” is a poem by John Keats written in
spring 1819. The poem is the first of his 1819 odes, which include “Ode on a Grecian urn” and“Ode
to a Nightingale”.
“Ode to psyche” is an experiment in the genre, and keat’s attempt at an
expanded version of the sonnet format that describes a dramatic scene. The poem
serves as an important departure from keat’s early poems, which frequently
describe an escape into the pleasant realms of one’s imagination. Keat’s uses
the imagination to show the narrator’s inter to resurrect psyche and
reincarnate himself into Eros.
Keat’s attempts this by dedicating “Untraded
region” of his mind to the worship of the neglected goddess. “Ode to Psyche”,
keat’s 67 line ode, was the first of his major odes of 1819.although keat’s
spent time considering the language of the poem, the choice of wording and
phrasing is below that found within his late works, including
Hyperion or the odes followed. “ode to psyche” is important because it is
keat’s first attempt at an altered sonnet from that would include longer more
lines and would end with a message or truth.
Also, he did not want the poem to be based simply around that message, so he
incorporated narrative elements, such as plot and characters, along with a
preface to the poem of these additions, the use of a preface was discontinued
in his next odes along with the removal of details that describe setting within
the poems; they would only be implied within the poems; they would only be implied
within thawing with burden core on theme of life.
Autumn has been personofiedand compared to women farmer sitting carefree or
the granary floor; and corn on its head.
Ode
to Autumn:-
"To Autumn" describes, in its three stanzas, three different aspects of the
season: its fruitfulness, its labour and its ultimate decline. Through the
stanzas there is a progression from early autumn to mid autumn and then to the
heralding of winter. Parallel to this, the poem depicts the day turning from
morning to afternoon and into dusk.
The first stanza of the poem
represents Autumn as involved with the promotion of natural processes, growth
and ultimate maturation, two forces in opposition in nature, but together
creating the impression that the season will not end. In this stanza the fruits
are still ripening and the buds still opening in the warm weather. Stuart
Sperry says that Keats emphasizes the tactile sense here, suggested by the
imagery of growth and gentle motion: swelling, bending and plumping
The image of a goddess
portrays creativity and shows Keats awe at the power of nature. "Half
reaped..." this emphasizes the languid atmosphere of the stanza. Keats refers
to flowers in line 18; this is odd as one wouldn't normally associate with
autumn. This is something that is maintained throughout the poem; Keats breaks
the stereotypical or clichéd picture of spring and brings in a new suggestion
that in fact autumn is far more romantic and important.
Keats portrays autumn as the beautiful goddess suggesting a close link
with nature. The image of a goddess portrays creativity and shows Keats awe at
the power of nature. "Half reaped..."
this emphasizes the languid atmosphere of the stanza. Keats refers to flowers
in line 18; this is odd as one wouldn't normally associate with autumn.
Conclusion
In conclusion,
John Keats, as a member of the Romantic Movement, viewed nature in a positive
light. This is demonstrated throughout the poem by a number of positive
metaphors and similes for nature. The most obvious metaphor being that of the
goddess in stanza two who enjoys the changing season to such an extent it is
compared to being under the influence of opium.
However this positivity is not carried into
the last stanza as Keats also views autumn as a time of decay as well as
fruition. Keats writes that "small gnats mourn", while gnats only
represent an almost insignificant aspect of nature, they could be said to
represent much of nature which dies in autumn.
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